THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY

Here, I will present in a few lines, Einstein's Relativity Theory, which the rediculous system didn't think that it was worth a Nobel prize, but as everybody knows Einstein was awarded with a Nobel in 1921 for his analysis of the photoelectric effect. The theory or relativity was a revolution in the field of physics and caused many reactions in the scientific world. In fact, there were 100 world-known scientists that concentrated their powers into one book ("100 scientists against Einstein") in order to dispute Einstein's Relativity Theory, but he answered with humor that all it takes to prove whether he's right or wrong is only one scientist with one experiment and not 100. Despite that, Einstein re-invented his own self with the General Relativity Theory (in which among others doesn't set a limit to light speed). Einstein replaced Newtonian physics, but in schools all over the world today they still teach newtonian physics that have existed since 1900 (!) and not the modern quantum physics. We want to migrate to planet Mars but despite that the ridiculous system doesn't even teach the right physics. Neither do they teach the right geometry. The truth is that the sum of the three corners of a triangle is more than 180 degrees (you can see that if you draw a tringle on a balloon), as in space and time there is a positive curvature, similar to that of a sphere's surface (in a negative curvature similar to that of a packsaddle it would be possible to travel in the past, even if in general many physicists, stupiditly, reject the possibility of time travels to the past, but they accept the possibility to travel to the future!). The schools however insist in the geometry conceived by the Greek mathematician Euclid who lived in the 4th – 3rd century B.C. and to the physics of the English physicist Isaak Newton who lived during 1642 – 1727. Show some mercy!!!! The system doesn't want us to be smart!

In the special relativity we see the equation Ε=mc², where Ε = energy and c = speed of light in a vacuum (300.000 khm/sec) and m = mass, for u (speed) non zero. When u=0 it is E_o= m_oc², where m is the quantity of matter in a body. Inertia is the tendency of a body to resist to any change of its state of motion. In small speed (like the ones in our daily life) mass m is equal to the inertia. In greater speed it is

Based on the relativity theory there is also length constriction and dilation of time, for an exterior observer. Length constriction is the phenomenon during which the travelling "lenght" is being decreased for a non-moving observer and this happens only towards the address of the movement. Following the Lorentz transformations we get L= Lο/γ (γ>1 or L< Lo) where γ accelaration, Lο which held 2 observers, Oxyz and other one in a positioning Ο΄x΄y ΄z΄. L length measuring tape of Ο΄ as it counted by observer Ο, when Ο΄x΄y΄z΄ is moving to right at velocity uó towards the system Oxyz. p>

Time dilation is the phenomenon during which the time "passes" slower for a moving observer. Following the Lorentz transformations we get Τ= γΤο. So, if an observer in a positioning system Οχyz is moving towards an observer in a positioning system Ο΄x΄y ΄z΄ with a velocity of 0,98c (c is the light speed!), then it is Τ=5Το. That means, the time between 2 successive seconds on the observer's Ο΄ clock, is five times more for the observer O!

GENERAL RELATIVITY THEORY

The theory of general relativity is more complex. Basically it's a gravity theory that interprets events that can't be explained by the newtonian physics. For example, light rays and generarly electromagnetic waves are attracted by mass! According to the general relativity theory, objects (like the planet Earth) aren't moving in round orbits because of the gravity, but they follow the more "straight" courses in the spacetime called geodesic. Geodesic curve is the course with the minimum (or maximum) lenght between 2 points. All objects, including the light, follow geodesic curves of the four dimentional (4D) spacetime. Imagine the shadow of an airplane flying above hills, so even if the airplane follows a straight line in the three dimentional space, its shadow is drawing a curve on the two dimentional ground!

Our Earth also follows a straight orbit in the four dimentional spacetime that is been curved by the sun's mass, even if it appears to be having a round ordit in the three dimentional space. The general relativity theory has been confirmed by the precession of planet Mercury's orbit. Mercury is closer to the sun than any other planet so is been recieving stronge gravitational effects and the relativity theory predict the precession of the orbit axis about 1 degree every 10000 years.

According to the general relativity theory, light rays are being curved by gravity fields. That means that if the light of a distant star passes close to the sun it will change its travelling direction, so an observer on the Earth is going to see that star at a different possition than it really is! Einstein's theory, about the change of light direction by the sun's gravity field, had been "confirmed" in 1919 by a group of English scientists who went to west Africa in order to observe a sun eclipce that was visible there, and they realised that indead the light changes its direction when passing close to the sun!!! However, later it was proved that the mission had made mistakes in their calculations, but the theory was confirmed by later researches. Thus, the light of a distant star is being curved when it passes close to the sun and from the Earth can be seen coming from a different direction!!!

The general relativity theory predicts also that time passes slower near bodies with large masses, like the Earth!!! This happens because the energy of the light is related to its frequency and those are directly proportional. Thus, when the light travels upwards into the earth's gravity field, it losses energy, its frequency is decreased and the time passes between successive light waves is increased. So, an observer who sees what's happening for high above, everything is slower!!! This was confirmed in 1962 when 2 chronometers were used in an experiment that found that the chronometer on ground level was slower than the one on a higher level.

At this point it is worth mentioning the well-known "twins paradox". Say we have a pair of twin brothers and one of them is travelling through space with a spaceship at a speed close to the speed of light. When he'll return to Earth, he'll be very younger than his twin brother that never left the Earth!!! Thus, there is no absolute time, but personal time depents on position and movement. As for the twins, if one of them lives on the top of a mountain and the other one lives near a coast, then the first one ages faster than the second!!!

General relativity theory applies to the universe, doesn't place a limit to the speed of light, like the special relativity does, it interpretes what happens in the black holes, where not only the star itself but also every newtonian physic law collapses. In black holes there are strong gravitational phenomena. A black hole is created when a cold star with mass > 1,5 m_sun (m=mass)– Chandrasekhar limit, collapses by its own gravity, after its "death", which occurs when all of its nuclear fuels (hytrogen) are consumed. If the mass of the cold star is < 1,5 m_sun then the star becomes a white dwarf, but if the mass of the cold star is 1 or 2 m_sun, then it becomes a neutron star with a radius of 15 Khm. The spinning super-densed neutron stars, known as pulsars, are the remainings of supernova explotions and periodically emit radiowaves. Pulsars and black holes are compact Χ-ray sources (and that's the way we can detect them).

I'm going to make you worry by passing on to you the information that there is a black hole right in the center of our galaxy, having mass about 105 sun masses. Black holes swallow everything near them and disolve the mass. Quasars are more or less unknown semi-star bodies brighter than galaxies. It is possible that black holes exist in the center of quasars. Note that spacetime was created 15 billion years ago by a huge explossion and the universe is expanding since then, based on the inflation model.

The biggest mistake Einstein had made was the cosmological constant. Specifically, Einstein didn't believe that universe is condensed or expanding, but he believed that it remains invariable, even if his equations "revealed" that it is expanding!!! In order to deal with this problem, Einstein proposed the term of cosmological constant that corresponds to repulsive gravitational force that balances the shrinkage of matter by the gravity pulling. So, universe according to Einstein always remain in an unchangable situation. However, that opinion was proved wrong in 1929 by Edwin Hubble (I'm sure that you have heard the telescope with his name that's in orbit around the earth and has led to increadible astronomical discoveries about the age of the universe) who observed distant galaxies that moved away from us at speeds almost proportional to their distance from the Earth, which means that the universe is indeed expanding.

Universe is probably going to expand until after some billion years everything is distroyed and frozen, however there is the possibility the universe will shrink and collapse! Before you'll become totally disappointed about the destruction of the universe, I must inform you that Earth will be destroyed much sooner, because the sun is getting older and expanding until it becomes a "red giant" and the heat is going to evaporate everything on the planet! Also, in the center of our galaxy there is a black hole that swallows everything! Everything comes to an end. Despite that, there is the theory of the continual dilation and contraction of the universe, the theory of a pulsating universe. But you don't have to worry. There maybe are many baby universes! All you have to do is find a black hole that will lead you to them!

Einstein considered unnatural the conseqences of gravitational collapse, but it was prooved wrong by the German physicist Robert Oppenheimer in 1939, before he'd been involved with the crime of manufacturing the atomic bomb (which with the known letter to the American president Franklin Rusvelt, Einstein suggested to be manufactured by USA, in order to anticipate the nazi Germany which had already made super-weapons like jet and homing missles). Oppenheimer proved that an old star with enough mass, at least twice the mass of the sun, will gravitationally collapse when all its fuels have finished.

Finally, in 1935 Einstein and Nathan Rosen had published a paper about the notorious Einstein – Rosen bridges, known as cosmic tunnels or "wormholes", that allow space and time travels if we manage to keep them open (as they become narrow and been cut off so that if a spaceship goes through a wormhole it will end up to a spacetime anomaly). By the way, a time travel needs matter with negative energy density and negative curvature (like the surface of a packsaddle). Thus, warping the spacetime we could be transfered to an other point in spacetime. Something like that probably happened during the so-called Philadelphia experiment in USA, where Einstein caused a spacetime warping using powerful electromagnetic fields, and managed to disappear a whole ship of the american navy. The ship appeared in another area for a little while and then returned, while its crew had many problems after the experiment (some of them were able to pass through walls and others went crazy) as the matter of their bodies was altered. Dangerous things! There is a film taken by a video camera during the experiment, but it won't be shown in public as the US secret agencies hide everything (they don't even show the truth about UFOs).

We will never know the truth about the Philadelphia experiment. The ship that participated in the experiment was later sold to Greece (in fact there were witnesses that there were strange cables leading nowhere) and today it's already turned into junk somewhere in the Black Sea. Einstein saw that his theories had catastrophic consequences (atomic bomb) and destroyed many of his hand-writtings before he die, possibly among them was the theory of everything. Einstein himself died during a game of chance. He didn't accept to be operated for an aneurism he had, considering the possibilities to die during the surgery. However, he did die from the aneurism in 1955. Einstein participated in many anti-war demonstrations since the time he was a professor in Berlin during the Α΄ World War. When Hitler came to rule, he went to the USA. After the 2 atomic bombs that the USA launched against the Japanese civilian population (another USA crime) Einstein continued his anti-war actions, forgetting the mistake he made when he sent his letter to Rusvelt (even if we don't really know what would have happen if Hitler had make an atomic bomb first).